The purpose of this assignment is to research whether or not parenting advice research has changed over time. The paper describes different roles of parents whereby the work was distributed according to gender. There was equal sharing of bringing up the children such that both boys and girls were disciplined according to their mistakes. Parenting in the early years involved encouraging the children to be independent in such away that, they were trained to be hard working both at home and in school.
The paper further explains that, although some children from the well up families received different care and attention compared to children from poor families, they were allowed to socialize freely. They looked the same as they interacted in daily activities despite of their family's financial background.In he 1960s and the early years, the parenting styles used were rather very informal. The work of the female parent was house work only (NAEY, 1964).
They were not expected to go for jobs and leave the children unattended. The father was to work and provide for the family and could not do any household chores.In cases where both parents were working, the mother was to resume her household chores after work while the man waited for the food to be cooked by the mother who at the same time has to clean the children and feed them. Parenting was done through sex roles where children were expected to behave as per their gender such that a girl child was brought up in such way that she would be a future mother while at the same time the boy child was brought up by the parents in line with male roles.
This can be clearly be observed by the way parents buy their girl children toys such as dolls while buying boy children toys like cars, airplanes.Discipline was highly emphasized with punishments being ruthless. Correcting the children indiscipline was caning and other forms of corporal punishments that negatively affected the child negatively both socially as well as physically and emotionally. These kind of punishments were conducted both at home and at school. At school level the school administration argued that the best way to correct the children negative behaviors was by caning to inflict pain in them thus conditioning them that when ever they make a mistake, they would be punished ruthlessly (TASCA, 1958) .
The failure to do school assignments would obviously result to thorough punishments. The parents could not cordon failing of their children in school work. At home the same kind of punishment applied. Whenever a child did any kind of careless mistakes, the child was subjected to being punished by the parents. Socialization was rather very strict among the children. They only left their houses while going to school other wise they remained indoors through out.
The parents chose for their children the friends to interact with. Children were not allowed to express themselves freely.This led to children growing without proper socializing skills. However, in as much as the styles of parenting children looked the same, the way the children were brought up mainly depended on the family's social as well as economic abilities.
The children from well up families received better parenting advice unlike their counter parts who came from low status families. The high status families had a wide variety of parenting styles. They often employed psychology counselors to guide their children as they corrected their behaviors. Socially, there were differences in the way children were brought up and parented.
The level of education of the parents determined the way children received advice. Educated parents had better parenting styles as compared to the less educated ones (TASCA, 1958). This led to the children receiving better parenting advice thus making them view life in a more positive way. Those from not well educated families viewed life in a negative way and not worth living.
This was due to the traditional believe of the parents that the bad behaviors of the children could only be corrected through punishments that inflicted pain in them.The consequences of these normally led to bad socializing skills as well as other skills necessary for a good child development. Due to the change of time there has developed other better parenting styles that have been adopted by parents as well as school administrators.Due to the change of time as well as globalization, things have changed over time especially due to technology such as computers and related concepts such as softwares, better communication and socialization skills in addition to improved government laws and policies such as children of rights, and other factors such as economic and social factors (Marks p 8) .
All these have in one way or another led to change in parenting styles. Despite the many challenges of modern parenting, the modern parenting is much better as compare to the parenting of the last few decades. The modern parenting enhances more unity within the family as well as consistency in parenting styles. Both parents are sharing grocery shopping, cooking, laundry as well as baby diapering in addition to other home related duties. In the modern style, both the parents-the father and the mother are wholly responsible for parental guidance.After work they spare time to interact with their children thus resulting to a closer family unit.
For the working parents, they utilize their weekends by spending them with their children to compensate for their busy working days (Bornstein, 2002) . Further more as the parents go to work, they interact with other parents and in one way or another form parenting groups to offer advice to each other concerning the various parenting styles as well as the challenges they meet as they collect the behaviors of their children.They also interact and form friendship with psychologists and anti-natal professionals who through interaction are given advice on how to bring up their children. Due to higher educational levels of the parents, they are able to learn about the different behaviors of their children and hence reinforce the behaviors either positively or negatively (Marks p 8) . The modern parenting has allowed the children to choose their own friends tho interact with both at school and at home. By so doing the children are develop socializing and communication skills but it is the responsibility of the parents and the guardians to reinforce them.
The school administrators have now developed other ways of correcting the behaviors of children other than the severe punishments that inflicted pain to the children. The schools are now introducing guiding and counseling department that aims at assisting the learners to choose the best kind of friends as well as correcting their behaviors in a better approach. Schools have now developed programs that reward well behaved learners and at the same time punish the indisciplined children. Guiding and counseling are not only used in schools but also at home.The parents are employing counselors to guide their children in issues relating to discipline and career issues as well as issues relating to relationships among the peers and their elders such as parents and teachers. The government has now implemented certain laws and policies to protect children.
The enactment of the bill of children has prevented children from being punished in an inhuman way. Ministry of education have banned caning of children as a form of punishment. Due to these form of freedom of children, the parents are in a tight position when it comes to disciplining the children (Bornstein, 2002) .Parenting either the traditional way or the modern way it is challenging to the parents, guardians as well as the school administrators. This is because they are faced with different issues in each child. Whether the traditional approaches or the modern ones, every parent has particular parenting styles which are wholly determined by the parents when engaging with the child.
Whatever the parenting style, there will be a profound impact on the future of the child (Bornstein, 2002) . In the previous thirty to forty years, there has been a revolutionary change on the parenting approach.The traditional approaches have examined and rejected resulting to other alternatives that that are in line with the modern time. Forty years ago many people believed that restrictive parenting styles such as the Victorian style were good methods of parenting advice thus were widely used unlike the modern society. The of rejection of such parenting styles led to development of other parenting styles with the influence of child psychologists and other persons like Dr.
Spock who wrote books concerning these issues.These people did various experiments and the results started being seen in the last two decades with mixed reactions. Some people came to believe that the traditional parenting was not badly off while other people's views stated that the best parenting could result from borrowing some elements from both sides to come up with the best parenting ways. Traditional parenting approaches are viewed by he modern societies as being ruthless and not worth o correct the discipline of the children while the traditionalist who use the traditional approaches as being soft and more lenient to the children thus can not be well disciplined.
Whether the traditional or the modern approaches to parenting, it is worth noting that the families ave not changed with time however they vary over space at any given time. Due to geographical variations, there are different 'gender cultures'. A good example is the Finland female parents who see themselves and still are expected to be full time workers in terms of being employed. The case is different in the Old West Germany where the mother are expected to manage their time responsibly around caring for the children as well as their partners.
These kind of variation depend on different cultures and between localities and regions. Families have varied history as well as geography. It is the different family relations and geographical gender hat have the implications for the wider conditions of the society for example the local and regional labor markets in addition to the local and the regional government that results to the different parenting styles. A good example is the economic effects of training will highly depend on whether women are expected to be mothers at home or full time- workers.In addition to all these other factors determine the kind of approach of parenting a family can adopt in correcting the indiscipline in children such as societal factors like the level of education of the family, cultural background of the family, as well as historical and religious factors.
In the modern families, the parents as well as the guardians and school administrators are being faced with a challenging situation in establishing the limits regarding the conduct of their children. This is mainly due to issues such as technology freedom and rights of children and other factors.At the same time the families bringing their children in a traditional approach are as well experiencing difficulties as they try to help their children to acquire the modern individual skills such as socializing skills (Bornstein, 2002) . I was brought up by my parents who used the authoritarian parenting style. According to them, they believed that a child was to be seen and never to be heard. They viewed corporal punishment as the best form of punishment.
Whenever I made a simple silly mistake I could be caned heavly by my dad who had taken the position of the law giver in the family.I was always afraid of him whenever he came home from work. My parents expected me to do all the house chores and school work without fail They could assign me a lot of work of which I complied and obied even without considering my feelings. The only time I could receive gifts was when I could do a certain chore in an extra originally way. I always feared being punished.
I could feel as if I was rejected thus developed some fear and withdraw. I was always depressed. I always kept the boundaries and limits. This helped me to excel in school work. However, this has resulted to being over dependent rather than being independent even to date.I did not find any activity worth enjoying.
This is because I was used to being told without questioning. I also developed problems of forming my own opinions concerning even personal issues. Additionally, I do not like taking risks. As a result of my parent using the traditional approach of my parenting, I benefited by excelling in my academics and time management. However I lack certain skills that result from using the modern approach of parenting such as good socializing and communication skills.
Therefore I benefited from this kind parenting to some extent while at the same time failed to acquire some skills.
