This assignment discussed on the leadership theories and its correlation between managers and organization managing. Managing involves differentiating what is needed to focus from what that does not. What managers doing all the time is to separate between the important and not important. Managing is actually a relational and active practice which involves doing things.
Things that managers do are suppose to contribute to achieving the organization’s goals. Organizations are frameworks about people, technologies, and knowledge that systematically arranged to achieve specific goals.Managing organizations involves process such as communicating, accomplishing action, and coordinating in order to achieve organizational goals, at the same time managing relationships with technologies, stakeholders, and other artifacts between as well as within organizations. Leadership and management are closely related. Organizations need an effective management to improve and control organization performance, processes and systems.
All of these are closely related to the organization’s effective leadership. It is important for managers to have an understanding of managing organization.To understand how to manage an organization, managers have to first understand the theories of leadership and choose the most suitable leadership styles for their organizations based on different situations. 2. 0Introduction Most of researches on leadership had been focused on the characteristics of the leader and his impact on the organization since 1980s. From the research, it shows that leaderships have direct effects on managing the organization in term of decision making processes, which will directly affect on the result of organizations.
Nevertheless, studies also confirmed that the leadership style affects group work processes. There is no single definition for leadership. According to Stogdill, an authoritative source of leadership theory, he defined leadership as the interaction between members or group. It occurs when one of the group member motivate others in the group.
Based on Stogdill, leaders are agents of change, person whose acts affect other people. Basically, leader is a person who establishing advice or direction that will influence others to follow.Basically, leaders influence the work and behavior of others in group efforts towards achievement of special goals. On the other hand, manager is the person who manages the people and things to get the goal of the organization achieved. The role of managers includes planning, leading, organizing, and controlling.
Leadership is within these functions. In general, managers at all levels are expected to be the leader of their followers or subordinates by giving instructions and guidance to make sure they are in the right track as to the company goals.There are four core categories of leadership theories namely trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and contemporary theories. Trait theories assume that effective leaders have certain personality and behavioral characteristics that make them better suited to leadership. These theories help in identifying characteristics and qualities such as assertiveness, good decision-making skills, integrity, and empathy that are useful when leading others (Warrick, n. d.
). Behavioral theories view on how the leaders behave.According to Kurt Lewin, the types of leaders included are autocratic leader, democratic leader, and Laissez-faire leader. Autocratic leaders are strongly emphasize on the performance but has low emphasis on people. Whereas democratic leaders focus on both performance and people.
Laissez-faire leaders do not interfere as they have low emphasis on both people and performance (Warrick, n. d. ). Contingency theories discuss about variables that related to the environment that influence in determining which style of leadership suits the circumstance best. Based on contingency theories there is no leadership style that is best for all situations.
The success depends on factors such as the leadership style, amount of control, qualities within the followers, and aspects of the situation (Warrick, n. d. ). Lastly, the contemporary views of leadership. It consists of two new leadership theories which are transformational and transactional leadership. Transformational theory, also known as relationship theory, focuses on the connections between leaders and the followers.
On the other hand, transactional leadership theory, also known as management theory emphasize on the supervising the group and organization performance.These leaderships are based on system of reward and punishment and are often use in business. When the employees are successful, they are rewarded. However if the employees fail, there will be punishment. The TIMES CEO of 2009, Steve Jobs is a famous representative of transactional leader.
He was known for his down to earth and task oriented nature of leadership. He was also having bad reputation for not hesitating to give employees a dressing down if they fail to meet his expectations (Lin, 2010).This study by Dr. Galanou Ekaternini (2010) had collected and analyzed data of a few organizational as well as personal variables that consider meaningful in explaining the managers’ leadership styles and the basic features such as their communication, satisfaction, commitment, and effectiveness. The objective of this study is to find out the impact of these variables on the managers’ leadership style and other factors such as commitment, satisfaction, communication and effectiveness. Besides, the journal also examines the relationship among the four management styles and basic features by the level of characteristics.
The outcomes presented summarize the impact based on independent variables included age, type of branches, and education of four leadership styles within the organization together with the fundamental features mentioned previously. The discussion is break down into 4 parts which are: the impact of empowering leadership style, directive leadership style, transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style. Under directive leadership style, the result shows that higher level of educational remain consistent with the lesser use of directive leadership.Age may potentially affects the use of directive leadership. For the impact of transformational and empowering leadership style, the results show that the higher the level of education, the lesser the empowering leadership and transformational leadership style take place. Lastly, the results of the impact of transactional leadership style shows age not positively related to transactional leadership at the age of 46-60 years and it also shows that this leadership style used to the bigger organization structure.
This study conducted by Dr. Don Warrick (n. d. ) discussed about the leadership theories and their consequences associated with each of the style. Leaders control material rewards, punishments, and interpersonal that shaped employee behavior and influence their performance, attitude, and motivation. Leadership style could be identified by its characteristics and typical set management skills of each style.
The four basic leadership styles involved in the study are autocratic leader, democratic leader, Laissez Faire leader, and human relationship leader.Autocratic leaders are strongly emphasize on the performance but has low emphasis on people. Whereas democratic leaders focus on both performance and people. Laissez-faire leaders do not interfere as they have low emphasis on both people and performance. The human relations leader has low focus on performance but high emphasis on people.
The consequences of autocratic leadership style would be conflicts between members and managers, hostile attitudes due to dissatisfaction, high employee turnover rate and absenteeism, and low productivity and poor work quality.For democratic leadership style, it will develop competent employees who willing to provide their best, communicate openly, and willing to seek for responsibilities. Laissez Faire leadership style will led employees to become apathetic, disinterested, and resentful of the organization. Therefore it results in giving the lowest employees productivity and satisfaction among all the leadership styles that have discussed previously.
In conclusion, awareness of leadership style and its consequences is vital for successful leadership because leader’s style may either inhibit or facilitate the skills changes.
