Task1 The different components of travel and tourism industry (aiming to M1) Tourism can be defined as the temporary short term movement of people, to a destination outside the place they normally live or work. According to the world tourism organization (1993) tourism is “the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes”. For example, a girl travelling to England to visit her family relatives during her study break.
Types of tourism can be divided into three categories.That is domestic, inbound and outbound tourism. Domestic tourism is when people take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country. It also represents the lifeblood of the tourism industry. A simple example for domestic tourism can be a couple from Birmingham goes to Manchester for one week visit. Moreover the volume of domestic tourism is influenced by a number of factors.
That is the size of the country, the distribution of the population within that country and its proximity to other countries, which influence the array of tourism choices available to residents.A large country with a widely dispersed population that has few neighbor’s, like the United States, generates proportionately more domestic tourism than a small country with many neighbor’s, like Belgium. Inbound tourism is defined as, when people enter the country from their own country of origin or another country which is not their home. Example for this kind of tourism is students from Spain come to London for a visit.
And the outbound tourism can be defined as people travel away from the country where they normally live. A family from new quay decides to give London a miss this year and taking two weeks holiday in Italy.Travel and tourism is made up of different components which work together to provide holidays and other travel products to clients in this industry. The most important 9 components in travel and tourism industry are Accommodation, Transport, Attractions, Travel agents, Tour operators , Ancillary services, Trade association and regulatory bodies, Tourism development and promotions. Accommodation is one of the main sectors in travel and tourism.
It is important because when people go on holiday they need a place to stay. Therefore different types of accommodation facilities are available in travel and tourism industry.Hotels, bed and breakfast, guest houses, self-catering, villas camping's and caravanning's are some important types of accommodation. Accommodation can be divided into two types.
That is serviced accommodation and self-catering accommodation. Serviced accommodation refers service being offered along with an overnight stay. The most common type of serviced accommodation is hotel. Even though motels, guest houses, bed and breakfast (B&B) establishments, inns, youth hostels and farm guest houses includes in serviced accommodation.
Self-catering refers to an apartment or efficiency in which, guests can take care of their own meal and laundry needs. This kind of accommodation includes all rented premises used for holiday purposes, self-catering holiday centers, villages and all types of caravan accommodation etc. For a successful travel and tourism industry, a good transport system is essential whether people are travelling for business, leisure or visiting friends and relatives. Transport system can be divided into major 4 types. That is road transport, rail transport, air transport and sea transport.
Road transport examples can be car, bus, oach, taxi, bicycle etc.In rail transport regional services, inter-city routes, high-speed services and steam trains can be classified as examples. Air transport includes scheduled services, charter flights, ‘no frills’ carriers and air taxis. At last examples of transport can be mentioned as ferries, cruise ships, barges, safari’s and yachts. Attractions are the vital part of the UK and international travel and tourism industry, since they are often the single most important reason why tourists visit an area. Attractions are classified into 3 stages.
That is natural attractions, purpose-built attractions and heritage attractions.Tour operators are the holiday companies that many of us use when booking overseas trips. There are mainly 4 types of travel operators. That is mass-market operators, specialist operators, domestic operators and incoming tour operators. Travel agent is a person who is engaged in selling and arranging transportation, accommodations, tours, or trips for travelers. Travel agents are based on 4 major types.
Those are retail travel agents, business travel agents, call centers (in travel and tourism), and online travel agents. Ancillary services can be defined as all the extras that tourist may need when going on holidays or taking a business trip.Ancillary services includes travel insurance, foreign exchange, airport parking, car hire, luggage transportations, theatre and event tickets, tour guiding, equipment hire, passport and visa services etc. Trade associations are set up to represent the interests of companies operating in particular industry sectors and to make sure that the voice of their sector is heard. Regulatory bodies are formed to make sure that the travel and tourism operators are doing their duty correctly and to provide redress to the travelling public if things go wrong.Tourism development refers to all activities associated with providing facilities for tourists in destinations.
Tourism promotion is concerned with publishing destinations to tourists so that they visit, spend money and go away happy. The components of travel and tourism industry interrelate with each other in order to create a successful industry. None of these components is able to work in isolation. Each relies on one or more of the other component parts to be able to operate. This interrelationship might change according to the case of domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.Domestic tourism means people taking holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country.
In the case of domestic tourism, the components of travel and tourism interrelate in a certain way. For example, a couple lives in Birmingham travels to London for a 3 day visit. The couple must discuss about the trip and plan it first. They have to discuss about their accommodation, way of transport, what are the activities they are going to do etc. In order to start their trip they can contact to a tour operator and tell them about the trip.The tour operator contacts to the travelling agency and can inquiry about the holiday packages from Birmingham to London.
The travelling agency can offer the packages which include hotels in London, which is working with local tourist attractions and events offering its guest discounted admission price. Also the package includes transport system, and the ancillary services they need. Inbound tourism means when people enter the country from their own country of origin or another country which is not their home. For example, when students from Spain comes to Edinburgh for a visit.In this case to organize their little trip the students need to contact a travel agent first explaining that person about the trip. The travel agent contacts to the travel operator and the travel operator takes the responsibilities in finding a better travel package according to their needs.
The travel operator must provide a travel plan with road trips, discounted prices, transport and better ancillary services as it a group of people. As there won’t be that much staying so more than accommodation, different types of trips being organized for them will be their biggest expectations.Outbound tourism means that people travel away from the country where they normally live. These kinds of tourist example are a family from new quay decides to give London a miss this year and taking two weeks holiday in Italy. This kind of family must discuss about their trip first among themselves.
They must know, what are the needs of every people of the family are. Afterwards the family can contact the travel agent and the travel agent contacts a tour operator and tells them about what are the family’s expectations about the trip. The tour operator then can find a travel packages according to the family needs.They can organize the package accommodation from a hotel which would be working with local tourist attractions and other kinds of excursion providers and can also ask for a better discounted and promotion package.
Their preferred mode of transport would be air, so the travel agent can ask the tour operator to give them discounted flights seats etc. Also a family would need a really excellent ancillary service which would meet their expectations. Also the family might want really fun excursion trips as there would be children among them, so the travel agent must contact about this points with the tour operators as well.In conclusion, the components of the travel and tourism interrelation is the major thing that is making the travel and tourism that much successful and alive for it to remain to the future. If any breakage comes between any of its components, then it might face an end to the success of this industry.
Task 2 The roles and responsibilities of travel and tourism organization from different sectors (D1) There are different levels of organizations in the travel and tourism industry. Some are large, others are multinational cooperation’s and the remaining is small organizations.Despite how different, in the level organizations are the responsibilities to a range of ‘stakeholders’ are same for each organization which are in travel and tourism industry. Those stakeholders are anybody with an interest in the travel and tourism organization. It includes customers, the whole industry and other organizations.
The responsibility differs to each type of stakeholder. Supplying products and services in a safe, secure and efficient manner is what the organization has to provide for customers. The whole travel and tourism industry must be operated professionally, and it has to be ensured by trade associations.And other organizations include H M revenue and customs, the competition commission, health and safety executive, Local authorities etc. There are major two aims of travel and tourism industry.
That is to meet organizational aims and to provide services and products. Meeting organizational aim of an organization can be dependable on which sector it operates in. The commercial travel and tourism organizations operating in, the private sector aims to make profit maximize sales revenue. Increase market share and ensure compliance with regulations.The other public and voluntary sector bodies found in ‘non- profit sector’ much wider social and community aims and objectives, such as conservation and providing facilities to public. The role of regulatory body is that managing the different sector of travel and tourism industry, making sure that customers receive fair deal and safe and secure holiday or other product.
Travel and tourism organization’s existence is to provide holidays and other travel services and products. This is a way of dealing with public for most companies even though it may also involve working with other members of the travel trade.The travel and tourism industry contains of main two sectors. That is profit (private) and non-profit (public) sector. The aim of the private sector is to make profit for their owners and any shareholders they may have.
Organizations which includes in profit sector are tour operators, travel agents, hotels and airlines, car hire farms, travel insurance companies etc. The organizations that’s contains in the non-profit sector includes all those organizations that have wider social and community aims over and above making profit.They also include all the public sector organizations which are involved in travel and tourism, voluntary sector bodies. The non-profit organizations contain regulatory bodies, tourist boards, conservation groups and heritage organizations. Public sectors are the major groups who decide on the policy and guidance for the growth of the tourism sector in the United Kingdom.
This is the government body which is responsible for supporting the British tourism industry. The role of this organization is to work with the industry and provide the required amount of support.The case of the National Parks Association which works for the development of tourism by providing different options to the tourists to enjoy their time this in turn provides a livelihood to most people who reside in the surrounding areas of the parks and benefits the council also. This association conducts different activities like tourism impact survey to have an idea of the impact tourism has on a particular area both negative and positive. The structure of these organizations is to basically support them in the advancement of the tourism industry and to ensure sustainable growth of the industry from a long-term perspective.Private sector plays an important role in the growth of the travel industry a dare to the front line that has direct interaction with the tourists.
They form part of the group that has a close understanding of the requirements of the tourists and plan their packages and advertise different tourist locations through their interactive communications methods like pamphlet advertising, online advertising in their websites. The support services which form part of the private sector are the National Lottery, British Airports Authority and Travel Publishers.They form part of the support services sector in the private domain. As they provide the required support to the organizations with the extension of their infrastructure and the national lottery.
On its part supports, the following four causes namely arts, heritage, sport, and the joint good cause of health, education, the environment and charitable expenditure. British Airports Authority on the other hand has been partnering with the local tourism boards to ensure the growth of this organization and thereby derive the benefit of more travels by tourists.It’s a mutual win-win situation for both. Hence, we can say that this support services provide the required funds and infrastructure for the development of the tourism industry from a private sector point of view. Also we can say that the structure of the support services in private sector, for the development of tourism industry and they are basically the driving force behind the tourism sector. At last, these roles and responsibilities have to take really care in order to meet the organizational aims and to provide services and products.
If these roles and responsibilities are taken really care, then the travel and tourism sector would keep on balance without the level of services falling. Task3 Recent developments that have shaped the present day travel and tourism industry, and key trends and factors that will affect the future development travel and tourism industry During the past years travel and tourism has been developed to a level that we would have never imagined for. The developments in travel and tourism industry can be grouped under legislation, product development, destination development, technological development, transport development and lifestyle changes.There has been an up-trend in tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common. Tourists have a wide range of budgets and tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have developed to cater for them. For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations, while others want more specialized holidays, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels.
The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable.On April 28, 2009The Guardian noted that "the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time. " There have also been changes in lifestyle, for example some retirement-age people sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourist services.
Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse. There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the September 11 attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations, such as in Bali and several European cities.Also, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami, caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, hit the Asian countries on the Indian Ocean, including the Maldives. Thousands of lives were lost including many tourists. This, together with the vast clean-up operations, stopped or severely hampered tourism in the area for a time. The private sector and the government are actively involved in the promotion and marketing of the tourism product.
Maldives is represented in all major international travel fairs by both the government and the private operators.The tourist information counter at the Male International Airport hands out leaflets and other information about the country. The Tourist Information Unit was formed in 1989 to further disseminate information. In conclusion the development of tourism has fostered the overall growth of the country’s economy. It has created direct and indirect employment and income generation opportunities in other related industries.
Today, tourism is the country’s biggest foreign exchange earner, contributing nearly a fifth of the GDP.
