Alexander Hamilton’s Political beliefsWas unhappy with the Articles of Confederation and the weak government and sought to overhaul the entire document.
Led to a convention in Annapolis in which only five states sent delegates. But later influenced the convention in Philadelphia. Founding Fathers to the constitutionRepresentatives from all states except Rhode Island met in Philadelphia to discuss concentrated power. Madison’s Virginia PlanNational legislature consisting of two houses; representation in proportion to the population of state in lower house.
Upper house elected by lower house Patterson’s New Jersey PlanOne-house legislature where all states are equal however the congress has power to tax The Great CompromiseCreated on July 2, a single delegate from each state met to discuss disagreements. Solved the problem of representation in the states with the three-fifths compromise. Three fifths compromiseRepresentation for slaves in the lower house on the basis of population, slaves counted as 3/5 a citizen. States are represented with two members in the upper house. Broke the deadlock of the congress in the subject of representation of the states in the legislature.
Madison- sovereignty Believed that power came ultimately from the people. Constitution created a supreme law that no state could defy. Madison- concentrated authorityDue to a fear of a tyrannical government, the government was to be made close to the people. Separation of PowersThe division of authority into judicial, legislative and executive to balance out the power that they may check each other.
Federalist papersEssays created by John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton to defend the constitution, was made into a book.Without a strong defense, the anti-federalists would tear down the purposes of the constitution especially in New York. Anti-federalistsOpposed the constitution for the reason of it betraying the principles of the revolution. Believed it would eventually become tyrannical. Bill of rightsDrafted in 1789.
The first ten amendments of the twelve created on September 25 1789. Omitted the congress to infringe on certain basic rights, but promised freedom of religious speech press, trial by jury and others. Tenth amendment reserved the power of the state.Hamilton’s political beliefsBelieved that a stable and effective government required an enlightened ruling class. Funding the national debt and Assuming the debtTake all debts in and pay them in bonds (funding), also recommended that the government take over the debts (assuming). Bank of the United StatesProposed by Hamilton, manufacturers profited from tariffs, merchants in seaports benefited from the new banking system.
Federalist PartyEstablished by Hamilton and his followers, were seen by their opponents to have similar aristocratic characteristics as that of the British.Republican PartyParty created in opposition to the Federalists, who also believed they represented the true interests of the nation. First Party SystemRepublicans and Federalists created themselves in opposition to the other party however they denied that they were parties. First Party system was defined as the creation of the two parties who were unwilling to admit that they were parties nor concede that the other existed. 1794 Whiskey rebellionFarmers in west Philadelphia refused to pay a whiskey tax and terrorized tax collectors.
Washington sent militia men and the rebellion collapsed. Position of Native Americans per the ConstitutionWere recognized as tribes in the US however were not counted as citizens. Relationship with the US was to be determined through a series of treaties and agreements over the next two centuries. Citizen GenetDisembarked for Charleston and went against Washington’s orders and settled in a Long Island farm with his American wife increasing British tensions Jay’s treatySettled conflict with British, prevented war and established trade between the two nations.
Pinckney’s TreatySpain recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth and to deposit goods at New Orleans. Washington’s farewell addressAfter retiring from office, Washington gave a farewell speech regarding the warning of foreign entanglements. Warned about foreign entanglements and responded to the Republicans who had been conspiring with the French against the Federalists. Election of 1796 John Adams came to power, with Thomas Jefferson as Vice President.Wasn’t the dominant Federalist but presided over a divided party.
XYZ affairWhen three officials representing the United States went to negotiate with France when they demanded a loan. Quasi WarWar with France when the US cut off trade with them. War with Navy, US became an ally with Britain against France. Alien and Sedition ActsPlaced obstacles to people who wanted to be American citizens. Allowed president to prosecute those in sedition against the government. The Alien Act helped discourage immigration and encouraged foreigners to leave.
Arrested ten Republicans Virginia and Kentucky resolutionsUsed the ideas of john Locke to argue that the federal government had been formed by a contract among the states and possessed only certain powers. Kentucky had the right to nullify laws if the actions of the government were considered undelegated. Outcome of the election of 1800Adams vs Jefferson representing the Federalists vs the Republicans. Jefferson was elected after a tie when Burr was found unreliable.Revolution of 1800After confusion of the election between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson, a revolution was started. Controversies occurred due to the desire of the Federalists and Republicans in which they did everything in their power to win for their party.
John Adams- lame duck- midnight judges-per the Judiciary Act of 1801Adams reduced the number of supreme court justiceships and increased number of federal judges. Midnight appointments were officeholders that Adams appointed after signing them to newly created positions.
