Nursing theory is the phrase given to the group of experience used to encourage nursing practice. Nursing theory is a structure intended to systematize understanding and clarify experience in nursing, at a more particular and precise degree. A nursing theory is a collection of ideas, descriptions, connections, and theories or suggestions resulting from nursing examples or from other disciplines and plan a objective, methodical outlook of events by creating detailed interrelationships between ideas for the intentions of illustrating, explaining, guessing, and recommending (Burges, 2009).Core concepts symbolize a conjecture that creates the foundation for the concept or model.
In nursing, theories assist in developing certain ideas. Theorists have formed various models or theories but have mutual core concepts. The main viewpoint of the Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory is that clients wish to take care of themselves and can get better much faster and physically by doing their own self-care as much as they are able to. The self-care fundamentals recognized by Dorothea Orem go into one of three groups:1. Worldwide self-care fundamentals.
These fundamentals consist of air, water, food, activity, rest, and hazard prevention.2. Developmental self-care fundamentals. Maturational: develops the patient to an upper level of maturity. Situational: avoids against risky outcomes in improvement.
3. Deviation fundamentals: wants that arise centered on the patient's health. If patients are not able to meet their self-care needs, then they have acquired a self-care shortage.At this stage, the nurse comes in with a differing amount of encouragement that can vary from total care, limited care, or purely teaching the person. Virginia Henderson's purpose was not to establish a conjecture of nursing, but instead to identify the distinctive center of nursing practice. Virginia Henderson’s theory highlights the significance of improving the patient's freedom so that improvement carries on after hospitalization (Burggraf, 2012).
Her importance on fundamental human requirements as the main center of nursing practice has gone to more theory improvement concerning the patient’s wants and how nursing may help in acquiring those wants.Henderson explains three vital ideas in her theory of nursing. The main idea is that nurses’ concern for the patients until they are capable of taking care of themselves. The next idea is that nurses are eager to provide, and that they want to dedicate themselves to the patient every day and every night. Lastly, nurses have to be knowledgeable with a college degree in at least science and/or art. The shared objective among the theories of Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson is that they both made an effort to define the function of nursing.
Henderson is famous for her description of nursing, which states, “The distinctive task of nurses is to assist the patients, ill or well, in the functioning of those actions adding to the physical condition or its improvement, or to peaceful passing away, that they have to do without help if they had the required strength, determination, or understanding. The self-care deficit theory established as an outcome of Dorothea E. Orem succeeding in the direction of her purpose of enhancing the level of nursing in all-purpose hospitals within her area (El-Kader, 2011).The theory is somewhat straightforward, but able to relate to a broad diverse of customers.
Both theorists established concepts that attempted to explain nursing as a career. They disagree in how a nurse must get involved, when nursing must defend the patient, and what explains a patient in hardship. The dissimilarity in Henderson and Orem’s nursing theories is that Henderson’s need concept explains that customers in hardship happen when they are in good physical shape or ill. In comparison, Orem’s theory states that a patient has to have a self-deficit for nursing assistance.The theories are appropriate in dissimilar nursing environments because the objectives of both theories are alike. Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory applied to nursing practice because she stated that nurses are briefly the awareness of the unaware, the love of existence of with the nothing to live for, the leg of the amputee, the eyes of the recently sightless, a way of movement for the new baby, understanding and assurance for the youthful mother, and a voice for the people that are too frail to speak (Gennaro, 2009).
The nursing career is dense because it involves the capability to recognize with, or the knowledge of a broad selection of individuals. This theory requires that nurses comprehend the basic requirements of people so that they can assist the person who is providing the requirements that causes their lives to become ordinary and useful as they possibly can, even throughout poor health.Nurses, who work according to this theory, has to know how to evaluate the people’s day by day activities, and functions such as (Research Associate Emeritus, 2006): “breathing, eating, removing, relaxing, sleeping and moving, making sure that the body is sanitary, warm and dressed, and building a life that is more than a sluggish procedure by conversing with others, sustaining individual relationships, educating, working and joking around, or exercising.The level of the service is restricted only by the thoughts, and the capability of the nurse who understands it. Any understanding, nevertheless; involves a personalized service specified with the patient’s permission or in the situation of small children, the child, the unaware patient, or the psychologically lacking, the permission of the parents or custodian” (Research Associate Emeritus, 2006).
Virginia Henderson’s meaning of nursing was one of the most important testimonies obviously describing nursing from medicine: The distinctive purpose of the nurse is to help the individuals, ill or healthy, in the execution of those tasks playing a part to physical condition or its recuperation (or to quiet passing away) that they would function without help if they had the necessary might, determination or understanding. The nurses do this in a means as to help them achieve self-determination as quickly as possible. Metaparadigm theories give the limitations and restrictions of a regulation.Regulations are differentiated from one another by changing metaparadigm theories. The main theories that offer formation to the area of nursing are people, surroundings, physical condition, and nursing. Virginia Henderson saw an individual as a patient, a person who needs help to accomplish health and self-determination or in some situations, a peaceful passing.
Virginia Henderson established the theory of the mind and body of an individual as always together. For individuals to operate to the greatest, they have to be able to sustain physiological and sentimental balance.Henderson believed that wellbeing is a value of being and is extremely fundamental for a person to operate completely (Nicely, 2007). It is a multifactor occurrence influenced by both internal and external factors.
Virginia Henderson “gave emphasis in prioritizing health promotion as more important that care of the sick. Henderson believes that within the environment, all the outside circumstances and influences affect existence and growth. It is significant for a healthy person to manage the environment, but as sickness happens, this capability is reduced or disturbed.Caring for ill individuals is significant for the nurse to assist the patients in managing their surroundings to protect them from danger or any unconscious injury. Nurses have to give physicians the information about the protection requirements of the patient.
Virginia Henderson highlighted that nurses operate separately from the doctor, but they must support the treatment arrangement arranged by the medical doctor. The nurse must assist both the ill individuals and the healthy individuals.The concern given by the nurse must allow the patients to become independent as quickly as possible. The nurse has to be well-informed in both life and social sciences and they have to maintain the skill to evaluate essential human requirements.
The viewpoint revealed in Henderson's theory is an incorporated method to methodical research that would benefit from nursing's strength and difficulty and not to disconnect the art from the science, the responsibility of nursing from the significant, the psychological from the bodily and the concept from medical care.The conceptual model of nursing introduced by Henderson resulted to the humanistic method in which it highlighted the caring of the ill people, the unable, and even the individuals that are passing away (Conner, 2013). It focused more on what the nurses have to do and who they should look after and thus goes to the mutual communication world view class. Nursing offers the actions taken to support, uphold, and recuperate an individual’s health. Orem’s Self-care Model illustrated the task of nursing in caring for people.
Nursing offers the involvements necessary to support a person back to self-care or best health and happiness. Virginia Henderson did not have a target of creating a theory. Her meanings of nursing, individuals, well-being, and surroundings are viewed as an impressive concept or philosophy that people are currently utilizing today. Dorothea Orem thought that an understandable theory of nursing would not only assist in clarifying the nurse’s job and allow more useful assistance from the nurses, but it offered a foundation for recognizing real nursing results.These dedicated theorists acknowledged nursing as a career. They recognized a desire to characterize the position of the nurse, and they recognized the diversity of the nursing career.
Even though the theorists’ meanings were not the same, the patients were constantly in the front position, and most significant. The nursing career maintains an obligation of thanks for their commitment, thoroughness, and determination.
