Leadership is one of the most relevant aspects of the organization context. Leadership is described as “the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support others in the accomplishment of a common task.”Leadership is the creation of an environment in which others can self-actualize in the process of completing the job. Leadership, as a process, shapes the goal of a group or organization, motivates behaviour toward the achievement of those goals and helps define group or organization culture.
According to Professor Kenneth Clark, “An activity or a set of activities, observable to others that occurs in a group, organization or institution involving a leader and followers who willingly subscribe to common purposes and work together to achieve them.”
Characteristics of leadrership–
Leadership is a process of Influence. Leadership is related to a situation. Leadership is a function of stimulation. Working relationship between Leader and Follower. Employees must be satisfied. Community of Interests.Nature of Leadership-
Performance Communication Influence Power base Interaction Acceptance Followers Situation Attributes INTRODUCTION–Dr.Manmohan Singh is known as “father of Indian Reforms” came out as the Congress party’s leader. He is the cleanest man in Indian political affairs and he was also previous Finance Minister and Author of the post-1991 Economic Developments.
Dr. Manmohan Singh is thirteenth Prime Minister of India. He was elected as Prime Minister in the fourteenth Lok-Sabha Elections held in 2004. He is the only Prime Minister of India since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after finishing a full five-year term, seventh Prime Minister belonging to the Indian National Congress party, first Sikh to grip the office. The Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh is almost certainly the most experienced politician and manager in the planet. Dr.manmohan Singh is highly praised as a philosopher and also a scholar. He is well considered for his attentiveness and his educational approach to effort as well as his convenience and his down-to-earth behaviour. He is a man of high moral values and standings.
Today, there are many criticisms of our Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. He has been criticized a number of times for hesitancies and lack of leadership virtues. I personally think that it is not correct. But I think that in coalition period lot of people depends upon partnership and several times results will have to be fluctuated to discuss with the other member.
If our minister in government sector is to be eliminated than the association partners will also have to be discussed. I think who so ever take the chair will also have to perform same. This is the responsibility of every person in coalition to look after the image of our government. Nobody can declare that its minister may be scarce but party is acceptable as party is different from government. I think it will help all coalition partners of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) if government ingredient can present a integrated front.
I believe that Manmohan Singh is quite a strong man and he is intelligent to convey on various faces despite of serious odds. The strength or power of a man can also be judged by patience. If you have zero tolerance of others then you are a very weak personality. The power of decision-making and a leadership lies in a talent to bear lot of citizens with you. Manmohan Singh has obtained this ability in his soul.
Most of troubles faced by nation need long term explanations. Efforts like growth with progress, growth with fairness and integrity, exclusion of Naxalism will get long period. Removal of Naxalism will want eradication of poverty, hunger from huge part of India.
Every union has exact to transform or replace its leadership. If UPA make a decision to change his leader to accomplish so what they think. So there is nothing immoral in young leadership, but it does not show that something is erroneous with Manmohan Singh and his management merits.
BACKGROUND–
Dr.Manmohan Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh and Amrit Kaur on September 26, 1932 in Gah, Punjab, now in Chakwal District, Pakistan, British India into a Sikh family. In his childhood, he lost his mother Amrit kaur after then his grandmother to whom he was so close elevated him.
In his childhood, Manmohan Singh was a diligent student studying in candle-light because where he was living there was no electricity in the village. After separation of India, his relatives migrated to India and stayed in Amritsar (Punjab).He secured highest marks in almost all the examinations he attemped.There he got admission in Hindu College. For his advanced studies in the field of Economics he attended Punjab University, Chandigarh. He attained his Bachelor’s degree as well as Master’s degree in 1952 and 1954 correspondingly.
In 1952, he was awarded the University Medal for first in BA (Hons.).He always stood first throughout his academic years.After two years he was again awarded the Uttar Chand Kapur Medal for standing first in MA (Economics). As a member of St. John’s College, he went on to read for Economic Tripos at Cambridge University. Needless to say his intelligence is supreme. He is also recipient of the Honorary Degree of-
Doctor of laws from University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Doctor of Social Sciences from University of Roorkee, Roorkee. D.Sc from Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar. Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala.detailed view of his Degrees and posts held-
BA (Hons) in Economics 1952, MA First Class in Economics, 1954 Punjab University, Chandigarh, India Honours degree in Economics, St John’s College, Cambridge (1957) Senior Lecturer, Economics (1957-1959) Reader (1959-1963) Professor (1963-1965) Professor of International Trade (1969-1971) DPhil in Economics, Nuffield College, Oxford (1962) Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi Honorary Professor (1996) Chief, Financing for Trade Section, UNCTAD, United Nations Secretariat, New York Economic Affairs Officer 1966 Economic Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Trade, India (1971-1972) Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, India, (1972-1976)Honorary Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (1976) Director, Reserve Bank of India (1976-1980) Director, Industrial Development Bank of India (1976-1980) Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs), Government of India, (1977-1980) Governor, Reserve Bank of India (1982-1985) Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission of India, (1985-1987) Advisor to Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs (1990-1991) Finance Minister of India, (21 June 1991 – 15 May 1996) Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha (1998-2004) Prime Minister of India (22 May 2004 – Present,2011)He has always been a stunning student with great aptitude that won him various rewards and appreciations. To reveal a few early appreciation include Wright’s Prize for well-known performance in 1955 and 1957.He was one of the few receivers of the Wren bury scholarship. He married Gursharan Kaur in 1958. On the other hand his family has mostly stayed out of the limelight.
Dr.Manmohan Singh had three daughters named as Upinder, Daman and Amrit.They have winning non-political professions. Upinder Singh is a professor of History at Delhi University. She has written six books including Ancient Delhi (1999) and also A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India (2008). Daman Singh is a graduate of St. Stephen’s College, Delhi and Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author of The Last frontier.People and Forests in Mizoram and a novel Nine by Nine. Amrit Singh is a staff attorney at the ACLU.
In 1962, Dr.Manmohan Singh completed his studies from the University of Oxford where he was a member of Nuffield College. The title of his doctoral thesis was “India’s export performance (1951–1960) export scenario and policy implications”. His thesis supervisor was Dr. I.M.D. Little. This thesis later grew into the book “India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth”.
His career started in 1966 while working for United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). After spending three years at UNCTAD he then taught at the University of Delhi and worked for the Ministry of Foreign Trade with the former Cabinet Minister for Foreign Trade. Lalit Narayan Mishra was the first person who recognized Singh’s talent. Then Lalit Narayan has chosen Singh as Advisor at the Ministry of State.
In the year 1982, Manmohan Singh was appointed as a Governor of RBI (Reserve Bank of India). He held this position until 1985. From 1985-1987, he served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India.
In 1991, then Prime Minister P.V. Narsimharao selected him as the Finance Minister of India and served for such five long years till 1996. In the duration of these five years (1991 – 96). He carried out various reforms that resulted in the end of License Raj System that helped Indian Economy to greater international trade and investments.
In 1997, he was offered with an Honorary Doctor of Laws by University of Alberta. The University of Oxford rewarded him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in June 2006, In October 2006, the University of Cambridge pursued with the same honour. St. John’s College further honoured him by naming a Ph.D Scholarship after him, the Dr. Manmohan Singh Scholarship.
The Following 2004, general elections Dr.Manmohan Singh was surprisingly declared as the Prime Ministerial candidate of the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA). He was confirmed as the Prime Minister on 22 May 2004, along with the First Manmohan Singh Cabinet. After the Indian National Congress won the 2009 general elections on 22 May 2009. Dr.Manmohan Singh was avowed in for his second occupancy as the Prime Minister at the Asoka Hall of Rashtrapati Bhavan.
In 2010, TIME magazine programmed him among the hundred most dominant people in the world. Newsweek magazine also lists him as one of TEN world leaders who have won high opinion and also described as the leader other leaders love.
Reputed writer Khushwant Singh mentioned Dr. Manmohan Singh as the most excellent Prime Minister of India. Even ranking him superior than Jawaharlal Nehru the first Prime Minister of India. He mentioned of an incident in his book Absolute Khushwant, The Low-Down on Life, Death and Most things .In the middle of where after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha election,Dr.Singh instantly returned rupees two lacs, he had lent from the writer for hiring taxis. Terming him as the greatest example of honesty.Mr. Khushwant Singh said that; “When people talk of integrity, I say the greatest example is the man who occupies the country’s highest office.”
Major roles played by Dr.manmohan Singh–
As a Finance Minister As a Prime Minister As a Governor of Reserve bank of IndiaThe country’s 14th Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh is a man of honourable status and deeds .He is also the first Sikh to have attained the country’s top parliamentary position. In this comes the support of a legitimate will to put an end to anxiety of the 1980s. ANI tried to visit Dr.Singh’s roots which verbalize of a fundamental straightforwardness and rise from the heaps and modest initial stages. The citizens celebrating Dr. Manmohan Singh as prime Minister consider and are familiar with him that he is one of them.
Fortune had huge stuff in store. Congress President Sonia Gandhi‘s judgment to withdraw from the Prime-Minister ship and suggest her most reliable lieutenant alters various equations, remarkable between them.Dr.Manmohan Singh becoming prime minister sets at rest any allegation of partiality against the community and furthers a mending after the tensions of Operation Bluestar to evict terrorists at the Golden Temple and the assassination of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Qualities-
Manmohan Singh, no doubt, is a wearer of many hats. He is not only a sharp bureaucrat but also an astute economist who performed an economic ‘bypass’ to a dying Indian economy and dared to do the unthinkable: open gates of India to foreign direct investment (FDI) and ending an era of license raj. In a stirring speech he had predicted the days of a rising India. Manmohan Singh’s historic budget of 1991 changed the course of India’s economic history. Singh’s radical economic shift was not like Harry Potter’s magic wand but it gradually saved India from extending a begging bowl to IMF (International Monetary Fund). PC Chidambaram’s 1997 “dream budget” was nothing but a legacy of Manmohan Singh. NDA capitalised and strengthened the basic policies of Manmohan Singh. It was only in 2006-07 Time and New Statesman portrayed India on their cover pages and recognised the potential of India’s economic march.
Political sincerity and commitment cannot be gauged from speeches but it reflects in the legislature. The two most prominent decision of Manmohan Singh government are passing of RTI (Right to Information Act) and NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme). UPA’s common minimum programme is indeed praise-worthy but Manmohan Singh government has failed to fulfil aspirations of the common man. As activist Aruna Roy has rightly remarked, “In a strange schizophrenia, the Manmohan Singh government remembered to bring the non-shining India to the table, but forgot to serve it.”
Manmohan Singh has spent his early days in a village (now in Pakistan) but his heart only beats for the rich and the corporate India. NREGS was passed after much deliberation and discussion while SEZ (Special economic zone) bill was passed without any debate.
It has been rightly said that Manmohan Singh was in office but never in power. His tenure as a PM has been dominated by his ministers. PC Chidambaram never listened to Mannohan Singh. Just one example of the union budget would suffice. In a letter dated November 24, 2006 just after the submission of Sachar committee report, the Prime Minister’s Office directed to the finance ministry that “wherever possible, 15 per cent of targets and funds be earmarked for the minorities in the schemes included in the Prime Minister’s 15-point programme.” Finance Ministry completely ignored this directive. The post-Sachar Union budget was a major disappointment for minorities. After acknowledging that only a ‘modest’ contribution of Rs 16.47 crore was made to the equity of the National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation (NMDFC), Finance Minister (FM) said, “following the Sachar Committee report, NMDFC would be required to expand its reach and intensify its efforts”. So a paltry sum of Rs 63 crore was added to its share capital. And Rs 108 crore was allotted to the districts with a concentration of minorities. FM did not mention the actual number of those districts to avoid the embarrassment. There are a total of 155 such districts. You need not be a mathematician to figure out that only bureaucratic leftovers will be bestowed to the minorities. Out of the Union government’s total expenditure of Rs 680,521 crore, the total allocation for minorities (it includes Sikhs and Christians too) was less than Rs 320 crore. The total number of minorities in India is 200 million (Muslims 150m, Sikhs and Christians 50m).
The private life of Manmohan Singh-
At long last, people got a teeny-weenie peek into the private life of Manmohan Singh, the turbaned soft spoken man who has been the Prime Minister of one of the largest democracies in the world for the last 5 years. Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, a sophisticated former economist, has played a key role in the country’s emergence as one of the rising powers of the 21st century, engineering the transition from stagnant socialism to a spectacular takeoff in the global economy. But it’s Singh’s unassuming personal style that really inspires awe among his fellow global luminaries, who praise him for being modest, humble, and incorruptible. He has been dubbed as the weakest ever Prime minister of the country by the leader of the opposition L K Advani, others have challenged him to live debates in the electronic media, and people who he trusted him have tried to tarnish his image. But he is a cool customer. His wife and daughters worship the ground he walks on and he stands tall amidst the ruins of criminals and opportunists. He is passionate about his work and never shrugs from shouldering responsibilities. There is no certainty that the UPA would return to power but if it does, he should continue to do the good work that he has set in motion.
REFERENCES http://www.webindia123.com/personal/politician/manmohan.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh http://www.indianembassy.tj/en/policy/policy.php?id=21 http://mulbagal.com/presentpm.html