Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation, Planck’s radiation law, photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, de Broglie’s hypothesis, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.Postulates of quantum mechanics, Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box, energy levels, wave functions and probability densities, Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom, Separation of variables, Radial and angular functions, hydrogen like wave functions, quantum numbers and their importance Chemical Bonding: Valence bond theory, Hybridization, VB theory as applied to ClF3, BrF5, Ni(CO)4,XeF2, Dipole moment, Molecular orbital theory.
Stereochemistry of carbon compounds: Stereo isomerism, Stereo isomers: enantiomers, diastereomers - Conformational and Configurational isomerismConformational, Enantiomers, Optical activity asymmetric and dissymmetric molecules, General Principles of Inorganic qualitative analysis: Molecular symmetry: Concept, types, The symmetry operations of a molecule form a group, Theory of quantitative analysis Principles of volumetric, gravimetric analysis, introductory treatment to Pericyclic Reactions.II. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Periodicity and Periodic Properties, s,p,d,and f block elements Theories of bonding in metals: Valence bond theory, Explanation of metallic properties and its limitations, Free electron theory, thermal and electrical conductivity of metals, limitations, Band theory, formation of bands, explanation of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.Metal carbonyls and related compounds – EAN rule, classification of metal carbonyls, structures and shapes of metal carbonyls of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, Metal nitrosyls and metallocenes Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, bonding theories, Isomerism in coordination compounds – structural isomerism and stereo isomerism, stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. Spectral and magnetic properties of metal complexes, Reactivity of metal complexes, Stability of metal complexes: Hard and soft acids bases (HSAB): Classification, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes.
Bioinorganic chemistry: Essential elements, biological significance of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and chloride, Metalloporphyrins – haemoglobin, structure and function, Chlorophyll, structure and role in photosynthesis. III. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Structural theory in Organic Chemistry, Bond polarization, Alicyclic hydrocarbons Cycloalkanes Benzene and its reactivity, Concept of resonance, resonance energy, Heat of hydrogenation, heat of combustion of Benezene, mention of C-C bond lengths and orbital picture of Benzene, Concept of aromaticity, Huckel’s rule.Application to Benzenoid (Benzene, Napthalene) and Non Benzenoid compounds (cyclopropenyl cation, cyclo pentadienyl anion and tropylium cation) Reactions . General mechanism of electrophilic substitution, mechanism of nitration, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, Orientation of aromatic substitution.
Definition of ortho, para and meta directing groups. Ring activating and deactivating groups with examples (Electronic interpretation of various groups like NO2 and Phenolic). RMSA – PGT - Chemistry Page 3 Orientation effect of (i) Amino, methoxy and methyl groups (ii) Carboxy, nitro, nitrile, carbonyl and Sulfonic acid groups. iii).
Halogens (Explanation by taking minimum of one example from each type). Halogen compounds, Hydroxy compounds -Polyhydroxy compounds: Carbonyl compounds,Physical and chemical properties Base catalysed reactions with mechanism: Aldol, Cannizzaro reaction, Perkin reaction, Benzoin condensation, Haloform reaction, Knoevenagel reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes: BaeyerVilliger oxidation of ketones with mechanism. Reduction: Wolf Kishner reduction, MPV reduction, reduction with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 Analysis of aldehydes and ketones.Carboxylic acids and derivatives physical and chemical properties, Active methylene compounds Acetoacetic esters: Malonic ester: Synthetic applications, inter conversion: Nitrogen compounds: Carbohydrates: Amino acids and proteins IV. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: Liquid state: Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (qualitative description).
Structural differences between solids, liquids and gases, Liquid crystals, the meso morphic state, Classification of liquid crystals into Smectic and Nematic, Differences between liquid crystal and solid/liquid, Application of liquid crystals as LCD devices.Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems, close packed structure of solids, nearest neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects. Solutions: Liquid-liquid - ideal solutions, Raoult’s law. Ideally dilute solutions, Henry’s law. Non-ideal solutions, Vapour pressure, composition and vapour pressure-temperature curves.
Azeotropes-HCl-H2O, ethanol-water systems and fractional distillation, partially miscible liquids-phenolwater, trimethylamine-water, nicotine-water systems.Read more about It210 SyllabusEffect of impurity on consulate temperature, immiscible liquids and steam distillation, Nernst distribution law, Calculation of the partition coefficient, Applications of distribution law; Catalysis: Types of catalysis, Electrochemistry: Electro chemical cells and cell reactions. Electrode potentials, Nernst equation and its relation to DG, Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis: Electro lytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductance, Kohlrausch’s law: concentration cells.Chemical kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions, order of reactions- first, second, third and zero order reactions with examples, effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Thermodynamics.
V. CHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRY: Physico Chemical methods of analysis, Separation techniques Spectrophotometry, spectroscopy, Spectral interpretation, Drugs, formulations, pesticides and green chemistry, Macromolecules, Material Science and catalysis Part - VI TEACHING METHODOLOGY (Marks: 12) 1.The Nature of Science: Nature and scope of science, Science, ideology and Society, Structure of Science (a) Substantive structure – Empirical knowledge, Theoretical Knowledge – (Facts, Concepts, hypothesis, theory, Principle Law), (b)Syntactic Structure of Science – Scientific inquiry, Processes of Science, Attitudes of inquiry. 2. The History and Development of Science: A brief introduction to oriental and western science, Contribution of the following Scientists in the Development of Science: Aryabhatta, BhaskaraCharya, Aristotle, Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, C.
V. Raman, Various organizations working for the development of science in PGT - Chemistry Page 4 3. Aims and Values of teaching Physical Sciences: Aims of teaching Physical Sciences, Values of teaching Physical Science, Correlation of Physics and with other subjects. 4.
Objectives of teaching Physical Sciences: Meaning and importance of objectives, Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational objectives, Specific /Behavioral objectives / (Instructional objectives), Critique on Bloom’s Taxonomy. 5.Approaches and Methods of teaching Physical Sciences: Inductive and Deductive Approaches, Micro Teaching, Team Teaching, Lecture Method, Lecture cum Demonstration Method, Historical Method, Heuristic Method, Project Method, Laboratory method, Problem Solving Method, Scientific Method, Multimedia Approach in Teaching Learning process, Programmed Learning, CAI and CAL. 6. Planning for effective instruction in Science: Year Plan, Unit Plan, Lesson Plan, Learning experience, characteristics, classification, source and relevance. .
Teaching Learning Material (TLM): Characteristics and Importance of TLM, Classification and Types of TLM, Hardware and Software in TLM, TLM Principles to be followed, Edgar Dale’s cone of learning experience. 8. Science laboratories: Importance of Practical work in science, Planning of Science laboratories, Procurement, care and maintenance of laboratory equipment, Registers, Management of safety and science kits, Development of improvised Apparatus. 9.Physical Science Curriculum: Principles of Curriculum Construction, Defects in the existing school science curriculum, Qualities of a good Science Text Book. 10.
Non-formal Science Education: Science Clubs, Science Fairs – purposes, levels, organization, advantages, Science Library, Role of NGOs and State in popularizing Science. 11. Evaluation: Concept and Process of Evaluation, Tools of Evaluation, Preparation of Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT), Analysis and interpretation of ScoPGT - Chemistry Page 5
