Review Ancient World History Be able to Define and Explain these Key Terms Chapter 6: Republic-A form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote * Patricians-In ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class * Plebeians-In ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population * Legions-A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback * Tribunes-In ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights * Dictator-In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for limited time * Triumvirate- In ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government * Inflation-A decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services * Consuls-In the roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year t command the army and direct the government * Senate-In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up of only aristocrats * Mercenaries-A soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army *Aqueduct-A pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas * Apostles- One of the followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings * Bishop-A high ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches * Pope-The bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church Chapter 7: Patriarchal-Relating to a social system in which the father is head of the family * Civil Service-The administrative departments of a government- especially those in which employees are hired on the basis of their scored on examinations * Monopoly-A group’s exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods * Assimilation-The process of making conquered peoples part of Chinese culture * Stupa-Mounded stone structures built over Buddhist holy relics * Centralized Government-A government in which power is concentrated on a central authority to which local governments are subject Chapter 8: * Savanna-A flat, grassy plain * Animism-The belief that spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural objects * Griots-Storyteller * Migration-The act of moving from one place to settle in another * Push Factor-Conditions that draw people to another location * Pull Factor-Conditions that cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region *Terraces-Step like ridges Chapter 9: Beringia-An ancient land bridge over which the earliest Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia into the Americas * Ice Age-A cold period in which huge ice sheets spread outward from the polar regions * Maize-A cultivated cereal grain that bears in kernels on large ears-usually called Corn in the US * Olmec-The earliest known Mesoamerican civilization, which flourished around 1200 bc and influenced later societies throughout the region * Chavin-The first major South American civilization, which flourished the highlands of what is now Peru from 900 to 200 bc * Mesoamerica-An area extending from central Mexico to Honduras, where several of the ancient complex societies of the Americas developed Chapter 10: * Islam-A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century A. D * Muslim-A follower of Islam * Hijrah-Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib * Mosque-An Islamic place of worship * Hajj-A pilgrimage to Mecca, preformed as a duty by Muslims * Qur’an-The holy book of Islam * Sunna-An Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad * Shari’a-A body of law governing the lives of Muslims * Caliph-A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government * UmayyadsA dynasty that ruled the uslim Empire from 661 A. D-750 A.
D and ater established a kingdom in al-Andalus * Shi’a-The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad * Sunni-The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad * Sufi-A Muslim who seeks the achieve direct contest with the god through mystical means * Abbasids-A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750-1258 A. D * Fatimid-A member of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter Fatima and that built an empire in north Africa, Arabia, and Syria in the 10-12th centuries * House of Wisdom-A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800’s * Calligraphy-the art of beautiful handwriting Be able to identify these key figures: Their accomplishments, works, roles in history Chapter 6 * Julius Caesar-Military leader, joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. He was elected consul in 59 b. c.
Strong leader.Only served one year and consul. Led his army to conquer Gaul * Augustus-Exalted one. Supreme military commander. * Marc Antony-Fell in love with Cleopatra, killed himself.
* Constantine-Fought three rivals for leadership of Rome. Credited his success in war to the Christian God. Ended persecution of Christians. Chapter 7 * Chandragupta Maurya-Battled Seleucus. Had 600,000 foot soldiers, 30,000 on horseback, and 9,000 elephants. * Seleucus- One of Alexander the Great’s generals.
Inherited part of Alexander’s empire. * Asoka-Chandragupta’s grandson. He brought the Mauryan empire to it’s greatest heights * Chandra Gupta-Great King of Kings. Aryabhata-Greatest mathematician and astronomer of ancient India Chapter 8 * Nok-West Africa’s earliest known culture * Bantu-Spread their language and culture throughout Africa * Ezana-Exceptionally strong ruler occupied the throne in the kingdom of Aksum Chapter 9 * Olmec-The Mother Culture of Mesoamerica * Zapotec-Developed early forms of writing and calendar systems by 500 b.
c * Chavin-Arose in the mountains. Named after Chavin de Huantar. * Nazca-Developed irrigation systems. Known for their beautiful textiles and pottery.
* Moche-Built impressive irrigation systems from the Andes Moutains Chapter 10 * Allah-Known on the Arabian peninsula.They believed in only this god. * Muhammad-Orphaned at the age of 6, raised by his grandfather and uncle. * Abu Bakr-He was one of the first men to convert to Islam, and was chosen by the Prophet as his companion on the hijrah to Medina.
Fill in the blank: Chapter 6 1. Scipio was the Roman general during the 3rd Punic War 2. The Roman senate usually had 300 members 3. The time of Roman peace was known as Pax Romana 4. The time of Roman peace lasted 207 years 5.
Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium which is now Turkey, which later had its name changed to Constantinople 6. The judges of the Roman Empire were known as
