Unemployment constitutes one of the most heavy deseases of nowdays and it is considered as a symptom of economic down-fall stage. Unemployment happens when a individual is available and willing to work but presently without work. Through this paper you will hold a specified information about unemployment in Albania.We have chosen unemployment for our subject because it is a cosmopolitan job that affects all the states in the world.It was besides a serious job in Albania.Now unemployment is one of the chief job in Albania.
In this paper we are traveling to analyse unemployment, seeking to cognize more about it, about his causes and effects. The construction of our occupation start with axis feature of unemployment and so we have presented unemployment construction and we have made comparings with some other parts about this problem.We are traveling to analize the existent state of affairs in Albania about the jobs of unemployment and in the same clip we will seek to give some recommandations to better the scheme of employment in our state.
2 Theoretical intervention
Features of unemployment
The researchment in the labour market in Albania have pointed out some of import characteristics of unemployment: There are big fluctuations in unemployment rates between groups defined by age, sex or experience.There is a great circulation in the labor market.Incoming and surpassing flux of employment and unemployment is high compared with the figure of employed or unemployed.An of import portion of this circulation is cyclic: impermanent outs are high during the economic down-fall, while voluntary outs are higher during economic roars.Most of unemployment consists of people who have been unemployed for a long clip.[ 1 ]Many people who remain unemployed in a given month, remain unemployed for merely a short time.Economists distinguish between assorted types of unemployment, include cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
Cyclic unemployment occurs when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite way as the GDP growing rate. Frictional unemployment is unemployment that comes from people traveling between occupations, callings, and locations. Structural unemployment is a unemployment that comes from there being an absence of demand for the workers that are available.There are two major grounds, that conduce to this sort of unemployment: alterations in engineering ( as engineering alterations so fast, people must be capable to face the development of engineering ) and alterations in gustatory sensations ( if a merchandise of a company is non required as it was in the yesteryear, the company insolvent and their workers will be unemployed ) .
Seasonal unemployment is a signifier of structural unemployment, as the construction of the economic system alterations from month to month. This sort of unemployment appears in the edifice industry, in agribusiness, in touristry etc, because in these activities the seasonal production and the status of the conditions define petition of the work.[ 2 ]
3 Unemployment construction
3.1 Structure of Unemployment by Gender
Figure 3.1 Unemployment in old ages by gender
old ages
Unemployment rate ( % )
Male ( % )
Female ( % )
1990
14
10.0
13.2
1992
22
11.1
14.
1
1994
19
11.5
14.7
1996
12.3
11.
4
13.6
1998
17.7
15.8
20.9
2000
16.8
14.
9
19.3
2002
15.8
13.6
19.1
2004
14.4
12.
4
17.5
2006
13.8
11.8
16.8
2008
12.0
10.
2
19.1
Beginning: INSTAT ( 2008 )It has been a feature of Albania until 2007 that the per centum of unemployment in female has been higher comparing it with the per centum of unemployment in male. This has occurred because female by and large are less flexible on labour market sing occupation continuance and other conditions compared with male. On the other side employers hesitate to use female because they are unstable workers andanother cause is that female canaa‚¬a„?t do hard works.During these old ages, we have a uninterrupted fluctuation which fluctuate the maximal 7 % from twelvemonth in twelvemonth.This fluctuation happens non on a regular basis, because sometimes we have the addition or the lessening of the unemployment rate. But, even for male and female the higher value of unemployment rate is reached at 1998 and lower value of unemployment rate is reached in 1990.Young people till to the age of 31 occupy 58 % of unemployed, among them are males that occupy a high per centum. The older they become ( female ) they occupy a higher per centum so male. Unemployed people of the age 35-49, females are more affected, where as over the age of 50, a high inclination of work occupying is noticed.[ 3 ]
3.
2 Structure of Unemployment by AgeFigure 3.2 Unemployment informations by ageBeginning: INSTAT ( 2009 )During the months of September-October 2009 the Albanian Institute of Statistics conducted the labour force survey.Through this study was made possible separation of the population 15 old ages and over in three separate groups:15-19 old ages old,20-34 old ages old and over 35 old ages old. At the beginning of the passage old ages the age more affected from unemployment was the age group of 20-34 old ages old.This is because of reforms in instructions system it was hard for the lone fact that there wasnaa‚¬a„?t an economic and political stableness, for this ground many people headed to out-migration. Restructuring, denationalization, economic instability and drastically decreased production as a consequence brought unemployment, a phenomenon that has affected many immature people and even those with secondary instruction and higher.
After the countryaa‚¬a„?s economic and political stableness the figure of immature unemployment started to diminish, for which a figure of factors affected. One of the factors was the growing of instructions degrees, so the growing of makings. For the group age 20-34 old ages old and above 35 old ages old the higher unemployment rate is reached at 1999, while for the group age 15-19 old ages old is reached at 1998.
Albanian comparing with some other parts
4.1 Comparison between Albania and Republic of Macedonia
Figure 4.1 Comparison the rate of unemployment between Albania and Republic of MacedoniaBeginning: Labour Force Survey ( 2009 )This tabular array shows that Albanians compared with Macedonia has the unemployment rate lower from 2000 to 2008. We observe that for both states the state of affairs has been improved In Albania the lowest unemployment rate is in 2008 with 13 per centum while in Macedonia is 34 percent.In Macedonia the lowest unemployment rate is in 2000 with 32 peercent while in Albania it is 14 percent.The young person unemployment rates ( for both age groups: 15-19 and 20-24 ) are highly high, therefore holding direct and indirect negative effects for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Macedonia.[ 4 ]But making the comparision with Albania, Macedonia present a better state of affairs.All the day of the months shows that in generals it has values over 10 per centum higher than Albania, which means that it has a higher degree of unemployment.
Macedonia has high unemployment since the beginning of passage and described the state of affairs in the state with high degrees of long-run unemployment ( 35 % ) . This phenomenon causes increased poorness. Harmonizing to latest statistics from the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia,372.078 people were without work in February 2007 compared to 361.335 in October 2006, an addition of about 11,000.
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4.2 Comparison between Albania and Kosovo
Figure 4.2 Comparison the rate of unemployment between Albania and KosovoBeginning: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs ( 2008 )This tabular array shows that Kosovo compared with Albania has higher unemployment rate.they have a large difference on unemployment rates, this is because Kosovo is the newest province in the universe and she was ever depended from Serbia.Political force per unit areas and instability during the last decennary and particularly the last war had considerable influence in the label force.This has made a big figure of population to emigrate to other countries.In Kosovo the highest unemployment rate is in 2006 with 54 per centum and the lowest unemployment rate is in 2008 with 44 per centum[ 5 ].All the day of the months shows that in generals it has values over 20 per centum higher than Albania..
As sing unemployment by age groups in Kosovo immature people aged 15-19 occupied a greater per centum compared to the age group 20 to 24 years.Education in Kosovo is an of import factor to be employed, as those who are low or average instruction occupied a high per centum of unemployment, we compared it with those who are up degree constitutes merely 6.9 % in 2006.[ 6 ]. But more of import is that Kosovo is seeking to be the unemployment rate decreased over the old ages, which is apparent from the informations.
4.3 Comparison between Albania and Serbia
Figure 4.3 Comparison the rate of unemployment between Albania and SerbiaBeginning: Eurostat ( 2008 )This tabular array shows that Albanians compared with Serbia have the unemployment rate lower during this period.Increasing unemployment rate in Serbia has been a serious problem.We observe that Serbia has really higher unemployed rate compared with Albania and this is couse of political reasons.Unemployed in Serbia is highly high and a major job economically and socially.At 21.6 in 2006, it is si significantly higher so all of the other states in the part with the exclusion of Kosovo.
The high unemployment rate in economic system can besides be attrebuted to the big size of the informal economic system in Serbia, a bequest of communism and the thin old ages of the 1990aa‚¬a„?s.As we see in Serbia the lowest unemployment rate is in 2008 with 19 per centum while in Albania it is 13 per centum.
5 Summary and Conclusions
The most concerning facet in Albania is and has been the high degree of unemployment.According to INSTAT informations, the unemployment rate has ever been several times higher in comparing with other states in transition.In the period of passage unemployment rate appears really higher for adult females ( 21 % ) , despite of high rates of noactivity. The per centum of unemployment in female has been higher comparing it with the per centum of unemployment in maleAccording to INSTAT in 2008, the unemployment rate in this period is 13 ( % ) .Even though in this notransitional period the unemployment rate is really high at adult females and offsprings up to age 30 old ages.Based on studies that have been made by INSTAT, we have a really high degree of young person unemployment which occupied the highest per centum of unemployed ( 15-24 old ages old occupied 26.1 % )Based on the comparing of unemployment of Albania with other parts is seen that Albania represents the highest value of unemployment compared to Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia. Albania has larger difference with Kosovo compared with Macedonia and Serbia and has a smaller difference with Serbia than Kosovo and Macedonia.
